Farmers on strike

"In the fields of dissent, farmers sow the seeds of change, cultivating justice for their livelihoods and voices for their rights." It leads to the story of Farmers Protest 2024. 

However, we first need to learn why and when the protest was initiated by the farmers of Punjab, Haryana, and other states of India.

Phase one of the protest (2020-21)

9 August 2020- 11 December 2021 ( 1 year, 4 months, 2 days). [1]

The Farmers' Protests in India from 2020 to 2021 were a series of demonstrations against three new agricultural laws passed by the Indian government. Farmers, mainly from Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, protested near Delhi's borders calling for the law's repeal, which they believed would undermine the current minimum support price (MSP) system and make them vulnerable to exploitation by corporations. These laws were -- The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, and The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act. [2] 

The protests drew global attention and received support from celebrities and diaspora communities. Despite numerous talks between the government and farmers, a deadlock persisted for months. The protests involved substantial mobilization, blockades, and clashes with security forces, leading to both sides standing firm. After more than a year of protests, the Indian government finally announced the repeal of the controversial farm laws, a significant win for the protesting farmers. [3]

The second phase of the Indian farmers' protest, which commenced on 13 February 2024 in the states of Punjab and Haryana, has now evolved into a widespread movement characterized by relentless demonstrations and organized road blockades. What started as a localized protest has now garnered nationwide attention, with farmers from various regions joining hands in solidarity. [4]

The primary focus of the protestors remains on securing guaranteed legal protection for the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for all crops, a vital lifeline for agricultural workers struggling to make ends meet. Additionally, the demand for full forgiveness of loans for farmers has emerged as a key point of contention, highlighting the crippling debt burden faced by those in the agricultural sector. The protesters are steadfast in their resolve, determined to fight for their rights and bring about tangible changes in government policies that directly impact their livelihoods. As tensions escalate and negotiations with authorities continue, the farmers' unwavering determination serves as a testament to their resilience and commitment to achieving a fair and just resolution to their grievances. [5]

Some of the major demands made by farmers [6]

Minimum Support Price 

The farmers are calling for a law that guarantees a minimum price for all crops, known as Minimum Support Price (MSP). This legal protection would secure their income and bring stability to agricultural markets.

Swaminathan Committee 

The demonstrators are demanding that the suggestions put forth by the M.S. Swaminathan Committee be put into action. Formed in 2006 to address agricultural concerns in India, this high-level committee proposed several initiatives to enhance farmers' income and well-being. These initiatives include better infrastructure, increased investments in research and development, and reforms in the market system. [7]

MGNREGA Employment 

The farmers strongly endorse the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees a minimum of 200 days of employment annually for agricultural work in rural areas. They believe this program is crucial in providing stability and financial security to rural workers, particularly during times of economic uncertainty. The farmers are adamant about the necessity of a daily wage of Rs 700, arguing that it is essential for supporting the needs of rural workers and their families adequately. They emphasize the importance of fair and consistent wages to ensure that rural workers can sustain themselves and contribute effectively to agricultural practices. In general, the farmers are united in their support for the MGNREGA program and its role in fostering sustainable livelihoods and economic empowerment in rural communities. [8]

Central Government Proposals

The government has suggested a 5-year plan for farmers to purchase pulses and maize at Minimum Support Price (MSP) following discussions with farmer representatives. The MSP is designed to provide farmers with a guaranteed price for their crops, protecting them from market fluctuations. Recognizing the importance of pulses and maize in farming, the proposed plan aims to provide long-term support by ensuring farmers have a stable source of income.

The proposal involves purchasing a consistent amount of pulses and maize at a Minimum Support Price (MSP) for the next five years. This initiative is crucial for maintaining stable prices, preventing farmers from being exploited by middlemen, and promoting sustainable agriculture. By creating a reliable market and fair pricing system, the goal is to encourage farmers to continue growing these crops, ultimately enhancing the nation's food security measures.

The current Indian farmers' protest, which began in late 2020, has been a significant movement against agricultural reforms introduced by the government. Farmers are concerned about potential exploitation by corporations and the erosion of their livelihoods. Despite ongoing negotiations, a resolution has yet to be reached. [9]

Death and Injuries 

In February 2024, clashes at the Shambhu and Khanauri borders resulted in the deaths of five farmers between February 16 and 23. [10] Hospital records indicate that three of the deaths were due to cardiac arrest. [11] [12]

The cause of death for Shubhkaran Singh, a 21-year-old protester, remains unknown. Farmers claim he was shot by the police, but hospital records state he was already deceased upon arrival. A postmortem examination has not yet been conducted. [13] 

The other casualties were Gyan Singh (65), Manjeet Singh (72), Narendra Pal Singh (45), and Darshan Singh (62). [14] [15] [16]

The current farmers' protest in India has several consequences and potential implications for the upcoming Lok Sabha elections:

1. Policy Impact: The protest has shed a spotlight on the government's proposed agricultural reforms, specifically the controversial farm laws. The government's management of the protest and their response to farmers' demands could shape their policies and stance on agriculture, a key issue in Indian politics.

2. Public Opinion: The protest has received broad backing from different segments of society beyond farmers. How the government handles and resolves the protest might sway public opinion and have an impact on voting behaviors in the upcoming elections.

3. Regional Politics: Agriculture plays a crucial role in several Indian states, and the outcome of the protests could potentially alter the political environment in these regions, affecting party dynamics and alliances.

4. Leadership Image: The way political leaders handle the protests and address farmers' issues can greatly influence how the public perceives their leadership skills and ability to respond to popular demands. This perception may have an impact on their chances in future elections.

In brief, the farmers' protest in India has emerged as a key political concern that could have a significant impact on the upcoming Lok Sabha elections. The outcome and aftermath of the protest have the potential to shape public opinion, impact policy decisions, and redefine political alliances and leadership perceptions.